Clean energy is becoming more and more popular in the business community as people become more conscious of sustainability. With several uses in a range of segments, including power generation, transportation, and industrial operations, hydrogen is a viable sustainable energy source. The infrastructure needed for the widespread use of hydrogen fuel in the US and Europe might cost more than $1 trillion, according to predictions.
However, given the Department of Energy’s (DOE) recent funding assistance of $750 million, adoption in the US is still expected to soar. Efficient storage techniques are essential to promote the broad use of hydrogen as a sustainable energy source. To make an informed choice, business owners need to be aware of the elements that can assist them in selecting the best hydrogen storage solution.
In this guide, we will share insights into different hydrogen storage methods and considerations to choose the ideal one.
Types of Hydrogen Storage Methods
According to H2MOF, safe and efficient storage is perhaps the greatest hindrance to the adoption of the hydrogen economy. Fortunately, technological advances over the years have resulted in several viable options for businesses seeking storage solutions. These include:
Compressed Gas Storage
This process compresses hydrogen gas at high pressures (350–700 bar) into tanks with great strength. With a strong infrastructure, compression technology is comparatively advanced. It is ideal for stationary and mobile applications. Conversely, it has downsides like the high energy requirement for compression and the weight of storage tanks. Safety is also a concern because the process entails the risks of high pressure and leakage.
Liquid Hydrogen Storage
Since hydrogen has a boiling point of -252.8°C, cryogenic temperatures are needed to store it in liquid form. Hydrogen is kept in insulated tanks once it has cooled to a liquid form. A higher energy density makes liquid hydrogen a better alternative to compressed gas storage. On the other hand, liquefaction processes can be energy-intensive. Over time, hydrogen boil-off can occur, resulting in energy losses and safety considerations.
Material-based Hydrogen Storage
Material-based storage relies on the use of specific materials to store hydrogen, either through adsorption or absorption processes. .
Absorption is a technique for storing hydrogen in specific materials – particularly metal hydrides, compounds formed when hydrogen combines with certain metals or alloys. Adsorption is a process by which hydrogen can be stored in materials with high surface areas and porosity, such as Metal–Organic Frameworks (MOFs). You can click here to learn more about MOF-based technology, and how it works with low pressure and ambient temperature.
Factors to Consider for Choosing the Right Storage Method
ScienceDirect states that the physical and chemical methods of hydrogen storage have unique advantages and disadvantages. The study recommends that cryo-compressed and liquefied hydrogen may not be relevant in the future because of the extremely low-temperature requirements of these methods.
While the future is uncertain, here are the factors to be considered when choosing the right storage method:
Application Requirements
Start by considering the specific requirements of the intended application. Are you looking for a long-term solution? Do you want to transport hydrogen to a distant location? Is energy density or adherence to safety standards a significant concern? The answers to these questions will help you pick a storage solution that works for your business.
Cost and Efficiency
The cost of hydrogen storage and transport can be prohibitive, considering the infrastructural and technological requirements it involves. The energy inputs and potential for energy losses can add to the costs further. Before opting for a storage method, determine the overall cost-effectiveness of each option to make an informed choice.
Scalability and Integration
The need for hydrogen fuel may increase as your business grows. Therefore, you must choose a scalable storage method to accommodate future growth. Also, ensure a seamless integration with existing infrastructure, including distribution networks, end-use applications, and refueling stations.
Safety and Reliability
Research highlights the safety concerns related to hydrogen storage as it is prone to material damage, leading to a possibility of leakage. High-pressure leaking gas is susceptible to spontaneous combustion. When choosing a storage method, safety considerations such as material compatibility, leakage risks, pressure vessel integrity, and emergency response measures should be a priority.
Regulatory and Environmental Compliance
Several federal regulations apply to the production, storage, and transportation of hydrogen for industrial use. Ensuring compliance with regulatory standards and environmental regulations should be a part of the decision-making process as you choose a method for hydrogen storage. Adherence to guidelines ensures regulatory approval and mitigates legal risks.
In conclusion, not all hydrogen storage methods are equal, so business owners cannot take a one-size-fits-all approach to choosing the right one. A clear understanding of each method is the best way to start. Additionally, you must compare these methods by considering essential factors to decide the one that works for your needs.
